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Python install from source code​

2023年11月13日创建
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在老的 Linux OS 上，无法用包管理器安装新 python。比如，​
Ubuntu 18.04 不能 apt-get install Python 3.11.​
​
Last Tested commands​
​
需要 compile from source code。​
https://www.build-python-from-source.com/​
​
代码块​
sudo apt-get update​
sudo apt-get upgrade​
sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev liblzma-dev tk-dev​
​
cd ~/packages​
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.6/Python-3.11.6.tgz​
tar xzf Python-3.11.6.tgz​
cd Python-3.11.6​
​
--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --enable-optimizations​
sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/python/3.11.6/ --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --enable-optimizations --with-lto --with-computed-gotos --with-system-ffi --enable-shared​
sudo make -j "$(nproc)"​
sudo ./python3.11 -m test -j "$(nproc)"​
sudo make altinstall​
# The script pip3.11 is installed in '/opt/python/3.11.6/bin' which is not on PATH.​
# sudo rm /tmp/Python-3.11.6.tgz​
​
sudo /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel​
​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pip3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pip3​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pip3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pip​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pydoc3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/pydoc​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/idle3.11 /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/idle​
sudo ln -s /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11-config /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python-config​
代码块​
# virtualenv​
/opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 -m pip install virtualenv​
​
/opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 -m virtualenv -p /opt/python/3.11.6/bin/python3.11 ~/venv-shared-lib-python3.11​
​
ln -s ~/venv-shared-lib-python3.11 ~/venv-default​
​
Trash​
代码块​
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.6/Python-3.11.6.tgz​
tar -zxvf Python-3.11.6.tgz​
cd Python-3.11.6​
​
./configure CFLAGS="-fPIC"​
./configure --enable-optimizations​
make -j $(nproc)​
​
# install Python 3.11​
# We have used altinstall is used instead of install to keep the default Python binary path in /usr/bin/python.​
sudo make altinstall​
​
# check​
python3.11 --version​
​
# install pip for python3.11​
curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.11​
# check pip​
pip3.11 -V​
​
# virtualenv​
pip3.11 install virtualenv​